My Future Career As A Teacher Essay - 1048 Words

Solano-Classroom Observations As an intern, I felt that this assignment was very beneficial to my future career as a teacher. I was able to see different strategies or techniques that teachers use in their classroom. This helped me determine strategies that I would want to apply in my future classroom. I was also able to observe strategies that did not work at all. The observations also made it clearer why differentiation in the classroom is important. Out of all the teachers I observed, there was only one teacher who seemed to differentiate instruction. The English teacher I observed allowed the students to practice the previous lesson they learned through a computer game, with a partner, or through writing. While the students worked on their chosen assignment, the teacher used different questioning techniques as she walked around the classroom. She would base her questions on the assignment they choose to work on. The students being able to decide how they wanted to review the material seemed to keep them motivated for the beginning of the class. The other two teachers I observed, only gave the students a worksheet after they taught the lesson on the board. They would occasionally ask questions, but would mostly have the students answer as a whole. All the teachers used some type of motivational strategy. All the teachers showed enthusiasm about the subject they were teaching. The two math teachers I observed related the topics t o real life scenarios. The algebra teacherShow MoreRelatedMy Future Career As A Specialist Instructor / Teacher1355 Words   |  6 Pageshappiness in their careers. Able to look at my future career as a specialist instructor/teacher in a different point of view. After reading every chapter I was able to see how I can apply some of these methods to achieve my goals and also be happy in my career. Most of us look at our future and think we need to pick a career that can offer us a 6 digit yearly income, without realizing if that career will bring us happiness. Drive was able to make me realize when looking at my future career I need to askRead MoreMy Future Career As A Specialist Instructor / Teacher1424 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at my future career, I need to ask myself, â€Å"What will make me happy for the rest of my life?† and not â€Å"What will make me rich?† Daniel Pink the author of Drive makes a solid, science built point regarding motivation 3.0 in his boo k. For the 21st century, we are in need of more people that allow themselves to have autonomy, purpose and mastery in their life. To become successful and achieve happiness in their careers. Able to look at my future career as a specialist instructor/teacher in a differentRead MoreMy Future Career Of Becoming An Elementary Teacher Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthis course, when I thought about diversity I would think about race almost exclusively. Through our class discussions and book assignments I have learned that diversity covers many more topics. This will help me greatly in my ideal future career of becoming an elementary teacher. Reading is such an important skill for children. Books teach so many different things. Like in one of the TED talks we watched, the speaker talked about only having books that portrayed white children. She felt like she couldn’tRead MorePersonal Statement On Being A Teacher963 Words   |  4 Pagesthey want to be a future teacher? Some may think you’re making a mistake; saying teachers don’t make a lot of money or have terrible benefits. Being a future teacher to me isn t about the money or the benefits, it’s about the satisfaction of seeing a child learn something because of you. When someone tells you they want to be a future doctor it s because they want to help people, that’s exactly what a teacher does---helps people. Teachers are the stepping stones to any career you want to do, withoutRead MoreGraduation Speech For Becoming A Teacher852 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing paper is a reflection of the experiences and life lessons that ultimately led me to choose a teaching career in mathematics. Of the many experiences that contributed to my desire to become a teacher, tutoring high school students who struggled with math, and hearing my mother’s stories about the rewards of teaching were my greatest sources of inspiration for becoming a teacher. As a student tutor, I witnessed stu dents who lacked self-confidence find hope and pride in their newly acquiredRead MoreIn High School, Teachers Handed Out Essays As If They Were1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn high school, teachers handed out essays as if they were candy. Throughout my high school career, I wrote roughly fifty essays; none of which were of the quality I would want for my college writings. My Literature teachers throughout high school did not have high expectations or requirements for essays. This laid-back attitude led me to believe that writing was easy and that I was a successful writer. I believed that all you had to do was throw information together in MLA format and it would produceRead MoreThe Stages of Career Development Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stages of Career Development The Cambridge Online dictionary defines career development as the process of learning and improving your skills so that you can perform your job better and progress to better jobs (Cambridge, 2011). However, my articles on career development have a slightly different view. My article states that career development happens in stages, and it has influencing factors (Gohdes, 1997-2000). Therefore, I will discuss these elements along with its main points. After thatRead MoreElementary School Vs. Urban School Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesexpect when we as future teacher get hired at a urban school compared to a non-urban school? How is it going to be different? These are just a few questions I had in my mind going into this field experience. The reason for this thought process was the result of the school system I grew up. The school I grew up in was mainly a white based student population and non-urban. So, before this field experience I had no idea what a urban school was going to be like as the result of my white privilege ofRead MoreKindergarten And Elementary School Teacher1358 Words   |  6 PagesElementary School Teacher Imagine going to work every week day to be greeted by a group of young, wonderful children. As a kindergarten and elementary school teacher, I would get to do that. Kindergarten and elementary school teachers educate young children for their bright future. Kindergarten and elementary school teachers are in the career cluster of education and training. Careers in education and training help people in certain areas by teaching or instructing them. In this career, I would getRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of A Career960 Words   |  4 PagesCareer Will I make the right choice? This is a common question that comes across every college students mind when choosing what career path, they want to head down. It is a decision that holds the potential to influence every aspect of their life: their happiness, when they have kids, whether they travel, everything can be impacted. One has to weigh out the pros and cons of the careers they are choosing between, because there are always many challenges, but there are often rewards too. I can’t

Vancl-to Be Different free essay sample

VANCL was founded in Year 2007 by Nian Chen, who is also the founder of joyo. com (joyo. com was a B2C website and was later brought by Amazon with 75 million so as to expand Amazon’s China Internet market). During 5 years’ growth, VANCL, started only with its men’s shirt business, has now become the NO. 1 online own label fashion retailer in terms of reputation, scale and sales generated. It now process 6 major product lines including men’s wear, women’s wear, children’s wear, shoes, accessory, and household staffs, plus, VANCL also has developed two sub-brands which are V+ and Miook.VANCL has always been dedicated in providing high-fashion experience with affordable price for young generation, and is well-known for its incredibly considerable customer service. It sales has amazingly increased from 38 million in 2007 to 2 billion in 2010,and has been rewarded as the â€Å"Business Future Star† for its 1475% growth in revenue from 2007 to 2009 by China Entrepreneur Magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on Vanclto Be Different or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Till last year, VANCL had generated over 8 billion in revenue. * Background of Case Study The sales of VANCL indeed have shocked the whole Internet sales market and its CEO Mr. Chen as well.But the problem is, people then regarded VANCL more as a cheap clothes website than an actual brand. And for an original Internet company, the most important thing is the number of your customers you have in your database, the more you have, the more powerful you are in this competing market. If we may summarized the past 4 years VANCL has experienced from 2007 to 2009, the conclusion will be that this is four productive revenue-generated years by advertisements and expanding product lines, however, there is no clear identification on what is VANCL and what it stands for.

Abortion Exploratory Essay Example

Abortion Exploratory Essay Example Abortion Exploratory Essay Abortion Exploratory Essay ayCatalina Tellez ENC 1102 What’s right? What’s wrong? Under what conditions should abortions be allowed? Another controversial to date is abortion. It has been the subject of debate for centuries between many human rights activists, religious groups, and even health care practitioners. There is a myriad of factors that contribute towards the decision if to go for or against abortion. For this reason I cannot make a choice whether I am pro life or pro choice. Most pro-life or anti-abortion people say that the government should make ineffective a woman’s decision to have an abortion in most cases and require her to continue her pregnancy and give birth to the baby. Those promoting pro-choice say that the government should not interfere with the woman’s decision, she should be able to have an abortion if she wants to. So the question I will be exploring in this paper is: Should abortion be the choice of a woman, or not allowed at all? That is a question that has led to many debates worldwide. It is of great interest to me due to the fact I am a women and every woman has the possibility of being exposed to a situation in which they have to decide whether or not to have an abortion. The first source I acquired was from an articled called â€Å"Social Sources of Womens Emotional Difficulty After Abortion: Lessons from Womens Abortion Narratives† written by Katrina Kimprt. In this online article I was able to see that women were interviewed after they had an abortion to see the emotional effects the abortion had on them. 1 women were interviewed, and all 21 were suffering post abortion effects. These interviews were done through the phone. They recruited these women through two different ways, one being a direct sample that was made for a separate research project on the experiences women had after abortion. The second way was the women were partnered with two abortion support talk lines. These strategies seem very effective because it wasn’t just a 10 minute in terview; it had a length of 75 minutes. Throughout the interview questions like â€Å"how did the family, partner involved, and friends respond? and â€Å"how did the people that surround you have an effect on your decision in having the abortion? † The most thorough question asked was how she felt emotionally after the abortion. The women weren’t just from one age range, the ages ranged from 21-48. Which gives a good amount of diversity because it demonstrates dissimilar levels of maturity? Five of those women had gone under two abortions, eleven only had one abortion, and the other five had more than two abortions. More than two abortions is a preposterous amount though. Four of the twenty one women had medication abortion which is one that is done by taking medications that will end a pregnancy and the other sixteen had aspiration abortions which are when a hollow tube is inserted into uterus and the fetus is â€Å"sucked† out. The women throughout the interviews said that abortions were very emotionally complicated because it was difficult for them to find someone to give them moral support after the abortion and having to make the decision before the abortion. Women commented that most of them made the decision by themselves because they felt no one else felt what they were going through. When the few women that explained that the decision of having an abortion wasn’t theirs they reported having very unfavorable feelings. Most of these women reported that they barely told any of their relatives or friends that they had an abortion because they feared they wouldn’t receive moral support since most people are against abortion. The women that actually were brave enough to go ahead and tell their friends clarified that they had some friendships come to an end and distanced themselves from their family. From this source I now know that the support from friends or family received after having an abortion matters a lot when trying to overcome an abortion, meaning that if under any circumstance I have to have an abortion I would need an abortion I’d need moral support from my closest relatives so I don’t feel a sense of regret. Does this source convince the reader that to prevent this post-abortion emotions, one should just not have an abortion? This source doesn’t give me enough information for me to be able to decide if abortion should be allowed or not. My next source is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision. www. womenshistory. about. com. by Jone Johnson Lewis. Roe v. Wade is the popular and historic Supreme Court decision overturning the Texas understanding of abortion law and making abortion legal in the  United States. The date of the decision was January 22, 1973. The effect of Roe v. Wade was that state laws limiting womens access to abortions du ring the first trimester of pregnancy was annulled by Roe v. Wade. State laws limiting such access during the  second trimester were maintained only when the restrictions were for the purpose of  protecting the health of the pregnant woman. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the  United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, and with restrictions in later months, based on the right to privacy. This case was important in the history of the United States showing that in the constitution there is the belief that people have choices and a right to privacy. The third source I utilized was from a Planned Parenthood website. The article is called â€Å"In-Clinic Abortion Procedures. This source gives me exact details on the process of the abortion. The main question I asked myself when reading this was â€Å"Is it even safe for the mother? † Two types of abortions listed in this source were In-Clinic abortions and at home abortions. The most popular type of abortion is the In-Clanic abortions and that is the one I am going to go into detail about. The most common procedure done in these In-Clinic abortions are aspirations as mentioned earlier in this essay. The procedure itself typically takes less than 15 minutes Suction is created with either an electric pump or a manual pump. Both methods use the same level of suction, and so can be considered equivalent in terms of effectiveness and safety. D;E, dilation and evacuation, is the second kind of in-clinic procedure. D;E is usually performed later than 16 weeks after a woman’s last period while aspirations are done before the first 16 weeks after a woman’s last period. During an aspiration abortion,  your health care provider will examine your  uterus, and then you will get medicine for pain. You may be offered sedation then a  speculum  will be inserted into your vagina. The health care provider may inject a numbing medication into or near your  cervix. The opening of your cervix may be stretched with dilators, a series of increasingly thick rods. Or you may have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure. They will absorb fluid and get bigger. This slowly stretches open your cervix. Medication may also be used with or without the dilators to help open your cervix then given antibiotics to prevent infection. A tube is inserted through the cervix into the uterus. Either a hand-held suction device or a suction machine gently empties your uterus. Sometimes, an instrument called a curette is used to remove any remaining tissue that lines the uterus. It may also be used to check that the uterus is empty. When a curette is used, people often call the abortion a D;C: dilation and curettage. This process only takes about five to ten minutes max. During a D;E abortion your doctor will inspect you and check your uterus. You will get medication for pain and also may be offered sedation to make you more comfortable. A speculum will be inserted into your vagina then your cervix will be prepared for the procedure. You may be given medication or have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure, they will absorb fluid and grow bigger which slowly stretches open your cervix. You will be given antibiotics to prevent infection. In later second-trimester procedures, you may also need a shot through your abdomen to make sure there is fetal demise before the procedure begins. Your health care provider will inject a numbing medication into or near your cervix. Medical instruments and a suction machine gently empty your uterus. A D;E usually takes between 10 and 20 minutes. In-clinic abortion procedures are very safe but possible risks include: an allergic reaction, blood clots in the uterus, incomplete abortion, infections, injury to the cervix, undetected ectopic pregnancy, and very heavy bleeding. The process of abortion seems fairly quick and easy. It does not seem like it would be a huge hassle to have one and the Planned Parenthood website has a lot of information to help with decisions about abortions. The Planned Parenthood makes it seem simple and safe and makes it easy to consider abortion. After reading this source it really makes me question myself if all past information against abortion is wrong and if abortion really is harmless and an easy process. Abortion: Questions and Answers. † By Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Wilkie, is my third source that I will be using. This book went in depth with pictures and articles about the method of abortions. The book divided the methods of abortion into three categories: the abortion method that takes over the uterus and kills the child by instruments which enter the uterus through the cervix, the abortion method that kills the pre-born child by supplying drugs o the patient and then those drugs stimulate labor and the delivery of a dead baby, and lastly the abortion method that raids the uterus  by abdominal surgery. This book has a lot of gruesome details and people have argued that it can make a pro-choice supporter change to pro-life. There were some parts in the book that made me feel like definitely abortions were awful. This book has a lot of information but I feel like they are frightening you into being pro-life instead of just showing you useful statistics and helpful pictures that make the reader understand why prolife is the most reasonable choice. This source made me think about how atrocious an abortion was but I think it was mainly because of the pictures that would follow after the explanation of a horrible abortion story. It is all rhetoric strategies the author uses so people are in the prolife side. I think this book made me want to be pro-life because it shows that the fetus is always human the moment it is conceived. Making it feel like you are â€Å"assassinating† your own child. Do most prolife books, websites, articles just use any way to make pro-choice seem like the worst idea or do they actually have reasonable arguments? Based on the sources I have researched and the information I have gathered, I believe I can make an educated decision about abortion. Should abortion be the choice of a woman, or not allowed at all? I believe abortion should be the choice of a woman. The four sources I used all gave information that helped me in making my decision because although one of the sources provided dreadful sources on the process of abortion and how the fetus looks like when aborted, this source was very bias because it used the sources just to get people on their side –prolife. Pro-life is a very good lifestyle but they want abortion banned. There are many factors that go into pregnancy and childbirth that make women give thought to having an abortion. Reality is most women wish they didn’t have to make the decision of having an abortion or not. For example, if someone was raped, pro-life would make her carry the pregnancy and give birth to the baby or what if you have barely enough financial support for yourself and cannot afford a child you should be able to have that choice to have an abortion. Abortion should be kept legal and no woman should be condemned for wanting one, it is their body and they have privacy rights. But  instead of sitting around and debating with each other for hours, lets help these women that are in the situation of having to choose on whether or not to have an abortion, let’s give them moral support. WORKS CITED Head, Tom. Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice.   About. com: Civil Liberties. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. http://civilliberty. about. com. In-Clinic Abortion Procedures.   Planned Parenthood. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. lannedparenthood. org/. Kimport, Katrina, Kira Foster, and Tracy A. Weitz. â€Å"Social Sources of Women’s  Emotional Difficulty After Abortion: Lessons from Women’s Abortion  Narratives. †Ã‚  Perspectives on Sexual Reproductive Health  43. 2 (2011):103-109. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Oct 2011. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision.   About. com: WomensH istory. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. womenshistory. about. com. . Willke, J. C. , and Barbara Willke. Abortion: Questions and Answers. Cincinnati, OH:Hayes, 1985. Print. 1,988 words.

Future-in-the-Past Tense in English Grammar

Future-in-the-Past Tense in English Grammar In English grammar, the future-in-the-past is the use of would or was/were going to to refer to the future from the perspective of some point in the past. As illustrated below, other verbs in the past progressive can also be used to convey this future-in-the-past perspective. Also known as: Prediction in the past Examples and Observations: Matilda stretched herself out, feeling her bones getting longer and longer. In a little while she would be taller than Frances, maybe one day even taller than Elizabeth. Maybe one day she would be the tallest woman in the world and she could join a circus.She was sure that Boyne would never come back, that he had gone out of her sight as completely as if Death itself had waited that day on the threshold.He had not believed her when she said they would meet only once.Fred Ballard, a local playwright friend of my mother, told her that I should go to his alma mater, Harvard and that he would make inquiries on my behalf, which he did without success. Use of Be Going to [T]he future-in-the-past...  is used where the speaker wishes to refer to a past time at which a particular event was still in the future, even though now, at the moment of speaking, it is past. This particular combination frequently makes use of the semi-modal expression be going to since this is readily marked for the past. It is frequently used where some anticipated event does not occur or an expectation is canceled. Consider these examples: I was going to tell him, but he didnt give me a chance.I thought we were going to eat out tonight.She was going to qualify next year, but now it will take longer. Use of the Past Progressive When an arranged-future-in-the-past (or rather arranged-future-from-the-past, as it is a future relative to the time of a past arrangement) concerns a personal arrangement, we normally use the progressive form of the past tense. This parallels the use of the present progressive for arranged post-present situations. [Mary and Bill were stuffing a goose.] They were having guests that evening.[There was no point in inviting the Robinsons, as] they were leaving the day before the party.[The man was very nervous.] He was getting married that morning.[I didnt call him up to tell him the news because] I was going to his office the next day. The use of the progressive past is possible even if the context makes it clear that the action planned was not actually performed. Relative Tenses Relative tenses represent deictic tenses. . . . Thus had sung is the past-in-the-past, has sung the past-in-the-present, and will-have-sung the past-in-the-future. Similarly, would sing is the future-in-the-past, is (about) to sing the future-in-the-present, and will be (about) to sing the future-in-the-future. Coincident (relatively present) tenses are ignored by many contemporary theorists, though Lo Cascio (1982: 42) writes of the imperfect, which is considered in traditional grammar a present-in-the-past, as a past coincident tense. Sources Robert I. Binnick, Temporality and Aspectuality.  Language Typology and Language Universals: An International Handbook, ed. by Martin Haspelmath. Walter de Gruyter, 2001.Joseph L. Cacibauda,  After Laughing, Comes Crying: Sicilian Immigrants on Louisiana Plantations. Legas, 2009.Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, and Bert Cappelle,  The Grammar of the English Tense System: A Comprehensive Analysis. Walter de Gruyter, 2006Ursula Dubosarsky,  The Red Shoe. Roaring Book Press, 2006.Martin J.  Endley,  Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar. Information Age, 2010Ted Sorensen,  Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History. Harper, 2008.Edith Wharton, Afterward, 1910.

Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Assignment Example Social concerns basically focus on the issues in which the business affects the society. It is also referred to as ‘social justice’, under it the people, societies and culture are accounted for, they are protected through various social programs such as native lands, predatory lending and other forms of corporate hoarding (SRIplanner, 2011). Governance, or Corporate Governance, is not a widely known concept; however it is of major significance. It refers to the manners and ways in which a corporation is managed, incorporating issues such as transparency, executive compensation and general decision making. Hence, it reflects on how well the firm is including CSR in its policies and abiding by them (SRIplanner, 2011). 1.2. Discuss the links between an organizational Corporate Social Responsibility strategy and the organization’s internal stakeholders. The stakeholders of a business are a crucial determinant of the success of any CSR strategy. The stakeholders of a b usiness can be categorized into two broad categories of internal and external stakeholders. This section focuses on the internal stakeholders and their link with the organization CSR strategy. The internal stakeholders of any business include the shareholders, the visitors and the staff/employees of a business. Their participation in the entire strategy is a key factor for attaining success, for if the key departments or staffs do not understand the program, then they would not support it enthusiastically, therefore an error in communication with internal stakeholders or lack of their involvement can bring down the entire CSR strategy by making it weak from the inside. The offices from which the staff operates should show that the firm is...The stakeholders of a business are a crucial determinant of the success of any CSR strategy. The stakeholders of a business can be categorized into two broad categories of internal and external stakeholders. This section focuses on the internal s takeholders and their link with the organization CSR strategy. The internal stakeholders of any business include the shareholders, the visitors and the staff/employees of a business. Their participation in the entire strategy is a key factor for attaining success, for if the key departments or staffs do not understand the program, then they would not support it enthusiastically, therefore an error in communication with internal stakeholders or lack of their involvement can bring down the entire CSR strategy by making it weak from the inside. The offices from which the staff operates should show that the firm is environmentally friendly, the policies related to social endeavors should be hung around the workplace to depict importance, and the CSR efforts should be made public and transparent so that the employees and the people visiting the office can feel that they are connected to a firm that takes up responsibility and accounts for its actions. When the employees feel good about t he place they work in, there would be lesser employee turnover and increased job satisfaction, and since motivation leads to increased productivity and growth, it is a positive sign for the business.

Project Motorcycles The Comprehensive Project Plan Assignment

Project Motorcycles The Comprehensive Project Plan - Assignment Example The different engine sizes will also mean different velocity for the audience who will make a purchase according their preferences in speed and use of the motorcycle. Various steps will be put in place to ensure that the motorcycles produced for the company are certified by the concerned government agencies to be safe for public use. The company will be forced to conduct a market research for the product, they will also develop and implement an effective project management strategy and lastly they will look for skilled labor to help in the construction process of the motor cycle. The main aim of the construction and manufacturing of the motorcycles will be to provide consumers with efficient and reliable motorcycles which can serve their different needs both privately and commercially. However, the new kinds of motorcycle that will be produced by the company will not be accepted readily by the audiences, but they will attracted to the unique features that the machine will posses and with time, they the profits proceeds will increase as consumers will be preferring the new kind over the older one. Analyze The Type Of Staff That Your Company Would Need In Order To Make The Manufacturing Switch To Motorcycles With Larger Motors The motorcycles company will need a highly effective staff to enable them make the manufacture switch to motorcycles with larger motors. The staff to be employed buy the company should have the ability to deal with different risk within the company and in the manufacturing process. The staff is expected to deal with risk and uncertainty to allow them makes decisions which may lead to the achievements of set goals. The staff will also be expected to be result oriented. This will involve them demonstrating common sense in situations where they are allowed to make decisions that are capable of solving problems and cutting down the level of risk that would have resulted in the manufacturing process. The staff is also expected to be energetic to deliver their best to the company. Energetic staff is associated with meeting the organizations’ goals and success. The staff to be employed by the company are also expected to have a high growth potential to allow them occupy the various m anagement opportunities that may prevail themselves within the company. Last but not least, the staff is expected to be good team players within the company. This will motivate them to deliver in unison towards the greater good of the company. Lastly, the staff is expected to be multitasking. They should be able to accept new duties assigned to them, therefore, leading to efficiency in the different departments within the organization. Prepare Four (4) Team-Building Strategies For Handling The Newly Formed Team. Discuss The Manner In Which The Strategies That You Have Prepared May Positively Or Negatively Affect Productivity Within The Company The company will come up with the following team-building strategies for their newly formed staff employed by

Violence In Youth Culture Essay Example for Free

Violence In Youth Culture Essay The youth is the future of any nation. Every young person has the potential to lead towards the detriment of himself and others as well as towards the beneficial aspects. The life of violence is expectedly, a personal choice; but this choice oftentimes is impacted by social structure and individuality. For some who have lived the life of violence all their lives, option is not within their fate, so to speak. It is their byword most of the time that â€Å"life has few if not, no choices at all† for people like them. Crime, especially committed by the youth, comprises a major, escalating portion of the nation’s criminal problem. Whats more, majority of adult offenders in the country’s jails grew up from child and adolescent life of criminal behavior. In addition, many of the adults in prison today began their criminal careers as youths and teenagers. . Consequently, whatever approaches the government seeks to implement in order to curb juvenile delinquency must touch every segment of society that has bearing, in any way, upon children (Source:www. cato. org/testimony/ct-wc67. html). A lot of studies on demographical statistics have been made to figure out the problem of juvenile delinquency. As a result of these studies, awareness is achieved as to what to do or how to deal with this rising problem of youth in general. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) formed a Study Group on very young offenders to look at the special case of children from ages 13 down and examine the incidence and the frequency of crimes committed by this particular age group. According to their study, the number is rising of children committing crimes based on the record of the juvenile justice system; i. e. according to court caseloads. Considering their age (at a very young age of 13 – below), one would automatically understand the odds of these children committing more crimes as they pass through adolescence into adulthood) (Source: Organization of African Unity and UNICEF, â€Å"Africa’s children, Africa’s future†, a background sectoral paper prepared for the OAU International Conference on Assistance to African Children, Dakar, 25-27 November 1992, Accessed:www. cato. org/testimony/ct-wc67. html, Dec. 3, 2006). A. Demographics Latest statistics show, as U. S. Department of Justice’s has done in their survey, youth offenders with age ranging from 7 to 12 years, are becoming more and more involved with the juvenile justice system. Meaning, â€Å"criminals† within this age group are increasing. One in ten juvenile arrests involves kids under thirteen years old. Offenses range from arson, rape, homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, to not so serious but persistent disruptive behavior such as truancy and incorrigibility. These children â€Å"have a two to threefold greater risk of becoming serious, violent, and chronic offenders† (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). Of course, if these children are not given enough attention and not dealt with effectively, by the authorities (including, first of all, their parents), the likelihood is that they will be spending their future years, in a more prone condition, to commit the same crime/s repeatedly (given the opportunity), as they had already committed the same in the past. They will be â€Å"in it† for the long haul. When this happens, the result will not be a good prospect for the citizenry of the nation, and even more for the parents. Large funds will be siphoned from educational system, child welfare system, the justice system, mental health agencies, just to alleviate this worsening problem. Added to this dismal prospect, is the continuing threat to public safety and property (Loeber and Farrington, 2001). B. Age and Crimes Committed Survey tells us that among U. S. penitentiaries, it’s very common to see very young children behind the bars (Snyder, 2001). The FBI has its own collected data under its branch Uniform Crime Reporting Program. The data shows that, all in all, law enforcement agencies in 1997 have recorded arrests of children less than thirteen years of age, and they are approximated at about 253,000 arrests (Snyder and Sickmund, 1999). And of these arrests, ten percent are violations such as running away from home, curfew violations, and drunkenness violations. The FBI data also shows that nine percent of these overall arrests (253,000) of delinquent children are youths younger than thirteen. Notwithstanding this overall projection, there is good news: Intervention and prevention programs are being made to curb this increasing problem on child delinquency. These programs are seen to produce positive results as they are addressing the factors that constitute this whole concern (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). In 1998, OJJDP, in attempt to better comprehend the studies made thus far, convened the Study Group on Very Young Offenders. Their aim was to analyze the existing data so as to be able to address the remaining key issues left untouched in available publications that time. The Study Group members together with some experts on juvenile delinquency and psychopathology (most of them authors) found out that â€Å"some young children engage in very serious antisocial behavior† show by their behavior that they had early delinquency problems. They were able to identify several factors that are, based on their observations, contributing parts to the early onset of the child’s offending (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). The convening of these experts resulted in the completion of The Child Delinquency Bulletin Series in 2001 with grant number 95-JD-FX-0018 which was published subsequently by Sage Publications under the title Child Delinquents: Development Intervention and Service Needs (edited by Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington). Now, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention encourages all concern – the parents, teachers, and the juvenile justice community to avail and use the information compiled in this book to deal with the needs of youth offenders and proceed to think of ways on how to be more strategic and effective as they implement their steps (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). C. Background (home, childhood, and family) Sociologists, in an attempt to explain and point out the reasons behind delinquency, have concluded that there are connections between specific youth behaviors with the home environment, family background, the neighborhood, associations, and many other aspects that together, or separately affect the formative years of young people’s social environment. Delinquent children usually come from a background of difficult circumstances. Some of them were virtually forced under certain circumstances that leave them no other options but commit certain crimes. Parental alcoholism, poverty, breakdown of family, abusive conditions in the home, death of parents during armed conflicts or drug overdose, and the HIV/AIDS scourge, and etc. are some of the various reasons that can leave children virtually orphaned. One or both parents may be physically present, but because of irresponsibility on their part (if even one of them is addicted to drugs or alcoholic), a child may grow developing certain ways and attitudes that are directly/indirectly caused by the parent/s addiction or drug-related behavior. In this case, true delinquency lies on the parents; and the children are, in a way, orphaned or unaccompanied, and without any means of subsistence which, in the first place, the parents’ fundamental responsibility to provide. Few children, if there are any, survive these disastrous environment. They are first in the line of those who are at greatest risk of falling into juvenile delinquency. According to UNICEF, between 1992 to 2000, children in especially dire conditions of life have increased in number from 80 million (1992) to 150 million (2000) (Source: Organization of African Unity and UNICEF, â€Å"Africa’s children, Africa’s future†, a background sectoral paper prepared for the OAU International Conference on Assistance to African Children, Dakar, 25-27 November 1992, Accessed:www. cato. org/testimony/ct-wc67. html, Dec. 3, 2006). There are behaviors which can be said as normal part of growing up years of children in general. Some even stretched it too far as to say that antisocial behavior may be normal at some stage between childhood and adolescence. It is either just a part of growing up path in which everyone must pass, or if not given proper guidance, antisocial attitudes may become part of a long-term pattern of criminal activity(United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency or The Riyadh Guidelines).. â€Å"Youthful behavior or conduct that does not conform to overall social norms and values is often part of the maturation and growth process and tends to disappear spontaneously in most individuals with the transition to adulthood† says The Riyadh Guidelines. It is quite common to young people, especially in teenage or adolescent years, to have committed or commit some kind of petty offence at some point. But this pattern should not continue into adulthood turning someone into a full pledged criminal (United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency or The Riyadh Guidelines). Guidance and oversight by parents or responsible adults are very important during crucial years of a child. This stage is between childhood to adolescence. Children must be closely monitored and mentored and be guided/assisted between transitional periods. While it is true that delinquency is part and is a common characteristic of immaturity, it is very important to bear in mind that during this period of growth, juveniles (if left alone and unguided) often tend to create stable criminal groups. With this more permanent association, an atmosphere of stability and belongingness begin to impress into young people’s subconscious until it becomes a virtual reality where life for them comes alive (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). Without noticing it as it is typical of any youth to be lacking in prudence, with newly embraced group, a corresponding subculture starts to assimilate them, and before long, they start to engage in activities of adult criminal groups. It is usually after being engaged in criminal activities for an extended period of time with its accompanying consequences (such as ending up in prison or rehabilitation institutions for drug addicts) that delinquents realize they are into a very dangerous zone. They have, in effect, chosen delinquent careers (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). According to available Statistical data in many countries, delinquency is, by and large, a group trend. A large portion of all juvenile violations (between two-thirds and three-quarters) are perpetrated by youths who are members of certain gangs. â€Å"Even those juveniles who commit offences alone are likely to be associated with groups. According to data from the Russian Federation, the rate of criminal activity among juveniles in groups is about three to four times higher than that of adult offenders† † (Venkatesh, 1997). If the subcultural aspect of juvenile group activities is only given the attention it deserves, it will be better understood. The culture being advocated by different juvenile groups is a heterogeneous mix. It is a mixture of predominant values of a certain social class, which are (unfortunately) spread mainly by the entertainment industry unconsciously. It can be values or lifestyle systems which are particularly indigenous to a neighborhood or even to a smaller group. â€Å"Subcultures can be defined as particular lifestyle systems that are developed in groups and are in structurally subordinate positions as a result of pressure exerted by the predominant systems. Subcultures reflect individual and group attempts to solve structural contradictions† † (Venkatesh, 1997). Because juvenile groups exist in a locality, this fact must be taken into consideration. A community is defined by its geographic location, â€Å"by the similarities of social characteristics of its residents, such as membership in a social class or ethnic group† (Venkatesh, 1997). Children who are well taken care of by their parents and are thus adequately supervised are at less odds to be involved in criminal activities. Studies have proven that. Dysfunctional family, on the other hand, which is commonly characterized by regular conflicts, parental negligence, poor communication because of absorption to outside activities by parents, are always assumed to be the breeding ground for delinquents. Children in disadvantaged family settings are usually insecure, have a low view of self, and consequently have fewer opportunities for legitimate employment. They face a higher risk of social exclusion† (Venkatesh, 1997). Because of the breakdown of family institution, the ever increasing rate of single parenting and the many factors that contribute to this disintegration, the family as a unit has been redefined and as a result children are reaping the effects((OJJDP, Mar. 2003). An important assumption here is that, boys coming from the low-income families search for models of masculinity from these gangs. These forms, in a lot of instances, serve as their surrogate family, filling in the void for leadership roles which are supposed to be filled in by their real fathers. Instead of finding what they are looking for in a family, through those substitute groups, what they get is more than what they bargained for: â€Å"cruelty, becoming bully themselves, excitability and anxiety† (OJJDP, Mar. 2003) Conclusion Because family is the true breeding ground for achievement and true success, great importance is now being given for the well-being of this important unit of the community. Children’s achievements and/or performance in school are directly influenced by their parents more than the school itself. The parents’ moral, emotional, and financial capacity are basic for children’s early training: e. g. the acquisition of educational resources depends so much on the parents’ determination to obtain them for the enhancement of their children’s education (Wiig, 2001) . Here now is the immense disparity: young people aged 18 and below, who come from the socio-economically-deprived level most of the time feel excluded because of their disadvantages. Thus, they resort to looking for ways to help this area where they see themselves deprived. Gangs, to them, are easy solutions. Delinquents who are already part of this subcultural group are eager to recruit them. Opportunities are equal to everyone (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). Unlike in school and their family, these have no strict rules to be followed except loyalty to the group. It gives young people esteem when they somehow feel they are the â€Å"rule† in themselves. This is the lure of gangs. It gives the promise of fulfillment to would be delinquents. Popularity, access to the powerful figures on the streets, freedom to express one’s self, as well as easy flow of money (if the gang is also involved in some illegal activities such as drug dealings, which is common in most gangs) are seemingly within grasp of anybody who just have the guts to dare (OJJDP, Mar. 2003). Reference: Griffin, Torbert, and Szymanski, 1998. See J. Hearn, The Violences of Men: How Men Talk about and How Agencies Respond to Men’s Violence to Women (London, Sage, 1998); L. A. Goodman and others, â€Å"Male violence against women†, American Psychologist, vol. 48, No. 10 (1993), pp. 1,054-1,058; and M. P. Koss and others, No Safe Haven: Male Violence Against Women at Home, at Work and in the Community (Washington, American Psychological Association, 1994). Loeber, R. , and Farrington, D. P. , eds. 2001. Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. OJJDP, Mar. 2003. (The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office for Victims of Crime.) http://:www. cato. org/testimony/ct- wc67. html.. (Accessed Dec. 2006)J. Flores, Administrator. Snyder, H. N. , and Sickmund, M. 1999. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Report. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention. Snyder, H. N. 2001. Epidemiology of official offending. In Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs, edited by R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. , pp. 25–46. United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency   or The Riyadh Guidelines http://:www.cato.org/testimony/ct-wc67.html.. (Accessed November 2007)J.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flores, Administrator.